Epidemiology Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Epidemiology - Research Proposal Example The beginning issue of a case-control study is topics with the infection or status under study (cases). The cases' annals of exposure or other characteristics, or both, former to onset of the infection, is noted through interview and occasionally via notes and other sources. A evaluation assembly comprising of persons without the infection under study (controls) are assembled, and their past annals is noted in the identical way as for the cases. The reason of the command assembly is to supply an approximate of the frequency and allowance of exposure in topics in the community without the infection being studied. Whereas the cohort study is worried with frequency of infection in revealed and non-exposed persons, the case-control study is worried with the frequency and allowance of exposure in topics with a exact infection (cases) and persons without the infection (controls). In case-control investigations, facts and numbers are not accessible to assess the incidence rate of the infection being investigated, and the genuine relation risk will not be determined. The assess of association between exposure and incident of infection in case-control investigations is the so-called odds ratio: the ratio of odds of exposure in unhealthy topics to the odds of exposure in the non-diseased. ... Advantages: 1. Allow entire data on the subject's exposure, encompassing value command of facts and numbers, and know-how thereafter. 2. Provide a clear temporal sequence of exposure and disease. 3. Give an opening to study multiple conclusions associated to a exact exposure. 4. Permit assessment of incidence rates (absolute risk) as well as relation risk. 5. Methodology and outcomes are effortlessly appreciated by non-epidemiologists. 6. Enable the study of somewhat uncommon exposures. Disadvantages 1. Not matched for the study of uncommon infections because a large number of topics is required. 2. Not matched when the time between exposure and infection manifestation is very long, whereas this can be overwhelm in chronicled cohort studies. 3. Exposure patterns, for demonstration the composition of oral contraceptives, may change throughout the course of the study and make the outcomes irrelevant. 4. Maintaining high rates of follow-up can be difficult. 5. Expensive to convey out because a large number of topics is generally required. 6. Baseline facts and numbers may be sparse because the large number of topics does not permit for long interviews. Case-control studies Advantages 1. Permit the study of uncommon diseases. 2. Permit the study of infections with long latency between exposure and manifestation. 3. Can be commenced and undertook over somewhat short time periods. 4. Relatively cheap as contrasted to cohort studies. 5. Can study multiple promise determinants of disease. Disadvantages 1. Information on exposure and past annals is mainly founded on interview and may be subject to recall bias. 2. Validation of data on exposure is tough, or incomplete, or even

Islamic finance and banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Islamic finance and banking - Essay Example It has been found that these products are very good and attractive to the customers. However, the company can further improve the products and advertise about the products in order to increase the awareness about the products and increase the no. of customers. Qatar International bank or QIB as it might be called was established in the year 1982 as the first Islamic bank to be opened in Qatar. Over the span of year the bank has emerged as the leading provider of financial services in the region. The bank is the pioneer in the field of Islamic banking in local and regional markets in Qatar. The bank plays a leading role in developing competitive and innovative products and services that are Shari’a Compliant. The bank is the first and largest Islamic bank in Qatar. The bank has strong capital adequacy ratio and a paid up capital of QR 2.36 billion. The bank is constantly rated as A or A+ by different international credit rating organizations. The bank has good presence in both the whole sale and the retrial markets to satisfy the needs of the customers. The bank has strong presence in the Qatar market and has established foot prints across the globe. The bank has international presence in countries such as United Kingdom, Malaysia, Sudan and Lebanon. There are several subsidiaries of the banks which act according to the principles of Shar’ia. QIB accepts that people are its biggest assets. The aim of the QIB is to be a bank of the people and for the people. The bank aims and commits to enhance the level of customer service and thus aims to become a completely customer centric bank by adopting the latest technologies. The vision of the company is to form a leading innovative global Islamic bank that adheres to the highest principles of Shari’a and ethics. The company aims to meet the international banking standards, to partner with the developing of the global economy and participate in